Chromatography History and its types

 

Chromatography

Chromatography is a Greek word (Chroma means; Color, Graphein means; To Writing). It is a laboratory separation technique in which components of mixture are separated is called chromatography. In Chromatography, two different phases occur:

The Mobile phase usually refers to the mixture of the substance to be separated by dissolving in a liquid or a gas.

The Stationary phase is a porous solid matrix through which the sample containing mobile phase can move.

History:

In 1900, Mikhail Tsvet a Botanist performed this technique firstly in Russia that’s why he is called the Father of chromatography. He extracted leaf and separate three different pigment chlorophyll, xanthophyll and carotenoids. Since these components have different colors green, yellow and orange respectively. He separated these colors by this technique and named it chromatography.

Types of Chromatography

Adsorption chromatography

Adsorption chromatography is the oldest technique in the types of chromatography. It is use of a mobile phase which is either in liquid or gaseous form which is adsorbed onto the surface of a stationary solid phase. This method is also called liquid-solid chromatography.

Adsorbent – A porous in nature stationary phase with a high surface area to adsorb mobile phase on its surface by intermolecular forces is called adsorbent. Commonly used adsorbents are Silica gel, hydrated gel silica, alumina, modified silica gel etc

Types of adsorption chromatography

·         Column adsorption chromatography

·         Thin layer chromatography (TLC)

·         Gas-solid chromatography

Partition Chromatography

The Partition chromatography is a technique used for the separation of the components present in the mixture into two liquid phases one is the original solvent and the solvent coating utilized in the column. This mode is applied on only liquid-liquid and liquid-gas chromatography.

Types of partition chromatography

·         Liquid Chromatography

·         Gas Chromatography

·         Thin-Layer Chromatography

·         Paper Chromatography

Ion exclusion chromatography

Ion exclusion chromatography is a separation technique used determination of ionic species and for the separation of strong electrolytes from weak electrolytes and non-electrolytes.